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A was a system of punishment used in Japanese regional schools in the post-Meiji Era to promote standard speech. It was modelled after similar policies in Europe, particularly the French'' Vergonha''. Before the Meiji Restoration, Japan followed the Chinese classical system, in which the written script and grammar were based on classical Japanese from the 8th century. All educated persons could write in the classical style, despite variations in their speech. The Meiji government, in emulation of the European nation states, created a standard Japanese speech based on the Kansai/Tokyo dialect and instituted various policies to suppress regional/feudal differences. The use of Hogen fuda was most prominent in the Tohoku and Kyushu regions (including Okinawa) as they are geographically and linguistically most distant from the Tokyo dialect. It had the effect of making many regional Japanese tongues into somewhat of accent though certain noticeable features still remain. The issue is most prominent in regard to Ryukyuan language as there is a group which advocate Ryukyuan to be officially recognised by the Japanese government as a language (and Okinawa as a nation). While many mainland regional "dialects" in Japanese are also unintelligible and at least the Tsugaru "dialect" in north is considered just as distinct as Ryukyuan, there is no movement in mainland Japan for regional dialects to be recognised as languages. In Okinawa, the card was initially voluntarily adopted by Okinawan students at the start of the 20th century, but became mandatory as assimilation policies increased following 1917. A student who spoke Okinawan would be forced to wear the card, until another student also spoke in Okinawan, and then it would pass to the new transgressor, with the student wearing it at the end of the school day punished by the teachers. ==See also== * Welsh Not, a similar punishment for Welsh-speaking students * Vergonha * Symbole, a similar punishment for Breton-speaking students 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』 ■ウィキペディアで「dialect card」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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